American Culture and Heroes

American Culture and Heroes American Culture and Heroes Heroes are not men with capes or super powers as they are portrayed in American culture today. Heroes are people who transform compassion (a personal virtue) into heroic action (a civic virtue). In doing so, they put their best selves forward in service to humanity. A hero is as an individual or a network of people that take action on behalf of others in need, or in defense of integrity or a moral cause. Heroes are people who transform compassion (a personal virtue) into heroic action (a civic virtue).In doing so, they put their best selves forward in service to humanity. A hero is as an individual or a network of people that take action on behalf of others in need, or in defense of integrity or a moral cause. Mike Dilbeck, www. raproject. org, Response Ability Project, 2012 The Oxford American College Dictionary, (2002), e-book Ashford University Library, says that a hero is â€Å"a person, typically a man, who is admired for courage or noble qualifications. † A firefighter, police officer and a soldier (man or woman) would fall under this description of a hero.Arthur Ashe said it best. â€Å"True heroism is remarkably sober, very un-dramatic. It is not the urge to surpass all others? at whatever cost, but the urge to serve others at whatever cost. † Characteristics of a hero are: 1. Courage: A hero overcomes his fears and takes a challenge head on. There is not even a twinge of fear in the heroes heart. 2. Virtuosity: The key aspect of a hero’s character. 3. Sacrifice: A quality that is unique from other virtues. A hero is willing to let personal comforts become indispensable for the higher cause and welfare of others. 4.Determination: The hero is unflinching in his or her determination and believes in his ability. 5. Focus: One of the most prominent qualities of a hero. They are put on this earth for one definitive motive. 6. Compassion: The true hero is empathetic, benevolent and s hows compassion and tenderness to those in need. 7. Perseverance: This is what makes the hero special. Even when faced with failure, they continue to fight till the achieve success. 8. Dedication: Heroes are selfless and whole-heartedly dedicated to the task at hand. 9. Honesty: This forms the base of all of his or her efforts.This is what earns the hero respect. 10. Loyalty: The faithfulness and commitment to their cause is way beyond others. 11. Intrepidity: They have courage that is unshaken no matter what comes into their path. They are determined to fight their challenges to the end. 12. Conviction: A set of unshakable thoughts and beliefs which will not be altered. 13. Fortitude: A habit that encounters a dangerous deed that is unaltered and adopted with passive courage. 14. Responsibility: No matter what the scenario may entail, they take it with utmost sincerity and follow it to the conclusion. 5. Wisdom: The most desired quality, which must be possessed. Wisdom is an attrib ute that all heroes possess, be it a soldier, firefighter, or a police officer. A hero is not born, they are self-made. These characteristics are what set a hero apart from. www. personalitytutor. com/qualities-of-a-hero. html In our American culture the media has changed the meaning of a hero. Reality television has become a part of our everyday lives and has changed the way in which we perceive the true hero. Hall, Alice, Viewers’ Perceptions of Reality Programs, Communication Quarterly Vol. 4, No. 2, May 2006, pp 191-211. The media is making it seem like everyone is a hero. In reality television, such as Survivor or The Great American Race, the media has made the person that completes the challenges a â€Å"hero†. They play on the thoughts of Americans who want to believe. According to the media, someone surviving on this show is touted as a hero. An example of the appeal to reality television is the perceived novelty and value on real people experience and not acto rs. Reality television shows that the everyday person can succeed and do not have to be famous to do it.Reality Television is not all bad. It shows people that anyone can do anything, giving the everyday white collar person hope. But it also tempts people to try things that they should never do without proper supervision. (Jack Ass) Given the time a family is apart, due to work, school, and other outside obligations, less time watching reality television and more family time is needed. Reality television is making just anybody a hero and not the people that actually deserve to be considered a hero. The real heroes are the people who fight for our freedom and our safety.As stated in the book Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information, Tyner, Kathleen R. , Literacy in a Digital world. Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information. 1998 Ashford University Library, how literacy in America during the new information age has changed due to computers and the usage of doing all resea rch from the point of websites, compared to the time when you had to do research by actually going to the library and doing research for the right books and then sitting down and taking notes and writing everything down by hand.I believe that what this means is that by having the new information age and the reality television and the media that is portraying things as they want them to appear, people are not as literate as they once were. Literacy has sustained through the development of the Information Age over the past 25 years, Rassool, Naz, Literacy for Sustainable Development in the Age of Information, 1999, Ashford University Library e-book, this is true. People just don’t have to work for it like they used to.This once again falls back to where the people that actually deserve the credit do not get it and they are just put in the pool with everyone else and whoever is lucky enough to be picked on that particular day will be the one that is commended. In conclusion the way that people perceive a hero is all in how they live their everyday lives and what they believe in. If they believe the Survivor winner, Richard Hatch, is a hero then they are the very people that have changed the way that people perceive a hero. ReferencesHall, Alice, Viewers’ Perceptions of Reality Programs, Communication Quarterly Vol. 54, No. 2, May 2006, pp 191-211. Mike Dilbeck, www. raproject. org, Response Ability Project, 2012 Rassool, Naz, Literacy for Sustainable Development in the Age of Information, 1999, Ashford University Library e-book. The Oxford American College Dictionary, (2002), e-book Ashford University Library. Tyner, Kathleen R. , Literacy in a Digital world. Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information. 1998, Ashford University Library. www. personalitytutor. com/qualities-of-a-hero. html

Human Resource Management in the Public Office Essay

Is money the most important incentive tool in the public sector? Is performance-based pay an effective way to motivate employees to be more productive? Discuss the positive and negative benefits associated with broadbanded pay systems. The public sector mainly deals with the economic and administrative delivery of goods and services from the government to the nation’s people. Such a role requires true commitment to service and to the objective of improving the general welfare of individuals. Moreover, public servants uphold such commitments with a unique set of priorities that are not centered on material and financial gains but rather on what their capabilities and achievements could contribute to others’ betterment. This ideal may just as easily set public servants apart from members of the labor force that render their services for profit. This in consideration, financial rewards may not be the top priority of public servants but it is definitely an effective incentive tool across sectors from private to public. A way of granting incentive to employees is thru performance-based pay. This compensation scheme entails salary increases and rewarding of bonuses to employees that were able to achieve or surpass the goals related to their scope of work. Under such a scheme, employees become more motivated to produce high quality service with the end goal of producing evidently positive results. At the same time, since such a scheme requires that the salary increase be justified by the exemplary performance of the employee, there would be less incidences of increases and promotions made on the mere basis of office politics. Once it becomes evident to employees that they now have an equal playing field, this would additionally motivate them to prove themselves worthy of recognition and incentives. In line with effective human resource management, public sectors are developing broadband pay systems, which essentially implement broad pay ranges to groupings formed on the basis of like duties while maintaining high flexibility in order to cater to the needs and demands of a diverse workforce. Such pay systems may pose both advantages and disadvantages to the employees and agencies. An example of advantages to the employees is that the method of grouping may provide an opportunity for their positions to be reclassified to a higher grade as indicated by the complexity and breadth of their responsibilities. This would probably work in the favor of an employee who handles several tasks that are usually performed by more than one person in some offices. Another advantage is for the part of government offices because by utilizing high technology and efficient information systems to implement the broadband pay mechanisms, an optimized data gathering method shall be in place and process will be systematized. This would ultimately lead to more practical and efficient use of available human and financial resources, and big cumulative savings for the government. On the other hand, a disadvantage for the agencies could be that negotiations on job classifications or groupings might require them to disclose to labor unions sensitive information that might result to operational security concerns. How can an organization utilize employee benefits as part of its recruitment and retention efforts? How can an organization’s commitment to learning result in lower worker turnover? How do issues related to employee benefits and learning affect worker performance? Human resource is the best asset that any establishment could possibly have. Every day, a great number of organizations and establishments rise up or crumble by the excellence or mediocrity of their employees. In fact, any institution may employ the best possible technologies and may even be in the most dynamic and progressive industry but all these would not make the business a success if without talented and skillful employees. Thus to ensure the best possible recruits and the capacity to retain the most seasoned and esteemed talents, organizations build attractive compensation packages and employee development programs. By nurturing employees under these development programs and with attractive rewards, organizations hope to keep the loyalty of their talent pool and add new recruits that possess the same aptitude and skills. All these steps are taken by organizations under the knowledge that all employees would base their employer preferences that cater to their needs and growth t he most. Furthermore, these needs and growth expectations must be taken to mean not just financial benefits but more importantly how the organization could enrich one’s talents and allow him or her to maximize potentials. In order to nurture its talent pool, organizations may enroll their employees to various classes that teach or further establish the knowledge that they have related to the tasks that they perform in the office. Through these classes, employees develop a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction because they find that they are able to tap in to more of their potentials. Thus, with the knowledge that there are more things that they could learn and do, they find that they also have more to offer the organization that they are part of. By allowing their employees to grow into high potential individuals, organizations not only keep their employees loyal and their turnover rates low, they also gain from the enriched talents and skills that their human resources apply in their day to day work. An organization’s spending on training and development programs for its employees is part of its human resource investment. As with products sold in banks or stock market, or purchases of equipments by production companies, expenses incurred by organizations related to employee training are acknowledged with the expectation that they will bring forth returns to the organization by way of improved employee performances that lead to better working processes and achievement of the organization’s vision and mission. Pershing, Stolovitch, and Keeps (2006) further support the relationship between employee performance and learning by stating that the latter allows the workforce to become more connected to the organization through an increased knowledge of how better he could be of service, and that the nurturing process offered to these employees allow them to be better prepared for changes and more open to process improvements. In essence, all employees are practical individuals in that they stay in the organization that appreciate them the most and reward them sufficiently for the quality of work that they render. It is with this knowledge that organizations build progressive employee benefit and retention programs. These organizations know all too well that employees perform best under development and reward programs that offer holistic growth. Such growth pertains to several factors in the lives of an individual. Compare and contrast the difference in terminating workers in public organizations versus private companies? What at the implications of at-will employment for public sector workers? One of the major differences between public organizations and private companies is the objective or mission with which their workforce operates. As established earlier, public sector workers can be largely considered as volunteers for social, economic, and even political causes whereas the workforce of private companies are mostly there for profitable gains. This in mind, the mere concept of a decrease in the workforce in the public sector poses several challenges because it may not be easy for the organization to come by public servants who are willing to work for the same cause. One way in which the workforce of any institution is reduced is thru employee termination. Termination is the process by which the organization puts a stop to an individual’s membership or service to the organization against his or her will. There are various reasons why termination is imposed on an individual. It may be that the employee has violated certain organizational policies or ethical standards, or rendered unsatisfactory job performance, or may even have been because he or she had a conflict with his or her supervisor. On the other hand, the employee may also be subject to termination when the company undergoes a restructuring phase that necessitated downsizing in its workforce, or if the employee’s responsibilities have been found to be redundant. Employee termination occurs in both public and private offices but there are some notable differences. One such difference is that employees of private companies are often hired under contract whereas those working in public offices are often employed at-will, meaning that they do not have a formal employment contract binding him or her and the employer. Although all employees are protected by labor laws, employees in the public sector are more vulnerable to termination because of the at-will nature of their employment.

Short Term Long Term Goal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short Term Long Term Goal - Essay Example Since then, I have never lost sight of my goals of pursuing entrepreneurship. In college, my friend and I started a clothing import company which enjoyed considerable sales. I also joined the companies of AXA Advisors, Philip Simon Developments USA, Inc and later Shoesapart, Inc. to learn fundamental business structures and to have an in-depth scope into daily business operations. Despite these developments, I know I can still be better. Thus, my short term goal is getting accepted to the CEIBS MBA program. My recent trip to China made me discover the great business potential that it holds. Not only does it offer accelerated and extensive market expansion, China also offers a high level of penetration opportunity. I am confident that through the CEIBS MBA program, I will be able to build an extensive network of classmates and alumni and gather sufficient knowledge of the local market in China to streamline future business growth. Within a year of acquiring my MBA, I want to start a p romising food business venture, choosing the initial location at a primary market to promote the brand and attract franchising interest.

Recent Changes In Organisational Form And Personnel Strategies Essay

Recent Changes In Organisational Form And Personnel Strategies - Essay Example Differences between the connotations of the words "labor" and "work† suggest the reorienting effect that Braverman's formulation had on views regarding work, workers, and the workplace (Rowlinson, 2000, p.13-14). Labor is an economic commodity exchanged in the market. Braverman held that work had been degraded by capitalism thus turned into mere labor. Taylorism separated the hand from the brain and vested the brains in management and the hands in labor. Work became deskilled as technological and bureaucratic controls supplanted the self-direction of skilled workers. This process of deskilling standardized work activities robbed work of meaning, leveling skill distinctions among workers. It enlarged and homogenized the proletariat, which came to include clerical and semi-professional occupations. Braverman's focus on skills had the effect of conceptualizing the outcomes of the industrial transformation as technological, psychological, and economic rather than social. Harry Brav erman does not make clear the definition of skill but sees the degradation process as involving the separation of mental and physical activities. One might be concluded that Harry Braverman has identified skills as cognitive abilities of workers, then generalized beyond that point to make skills technical characteristics of jobs. Sociological conceptions of work based on workers' relations to each other, group control over activities, and normative definitions of technical relations are missing.

Earth by Bill McKiben Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Earth by Bill McKiben - Essay Example In addition, we cannot separate current economies from carbon emission and hence the world will continuously become devastated. Global warming and melting of mountain capes ice are some of the indicators of the destructive effects of our carbon dioxide driven economies. Unlike the original earth, the eaarth has a production rate that greatly exceeds the earth holding capacity. The author is also concerned about the measurement of global economic growth rate and the preference that people have on positive economic growth. Positive economic growth results when the total production in a country exceeds consumption or people’s requirements. However, this is not an absolute measure of economic growth or productivity in a country. This is because economists do not account for carbon dioxide production. Thus, the author argues that the current measures of economic progress should be replaced with measures that account for carbon emissions. Due to our lack of concern about the environ ment, the cost of living will increase constantly despite having positive economic growth. The author argues that it is a contradiction for people to pay high prices for basic commodities such as food while their countries have strong economies. This phenomenon is basic difference between earth and eaarth. ... In addition, countries have subsidies on petroleum products instead of subsidizing basic food products. High cost of living has resulted from the damages that we have caused on the environment. Unpredictable weather patterns have been a direct result of damages that modern economies have done on the environment. Floods have been a common phenomenon in some countries such as Bangladesh. According to the author, the damages that people have done on the environment initiates a series of problems that leads to lack of basic human needs. For example high carbon emissions leads to global warming leading to low rainfall and poor harvest. On the other hand, global warming leads to floods, which cause destruction of infrastructure leading to high cost of living (McKibben 110). The author argues that people concentrate on the consequences of these problems instead of addressing their roots. An immediate solution to the problem is the additional of more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere throug h economic stimulus packages offered by the government or subsidies on petroleum products. The author notes that people are gradually acknowledging the devastating effects that they have caused to the environment. This indicates that people have noticed the difference between earth and eaarth. However, people are not doing enough to restore the earth to its previous position. For instance, people have not stopped destructive behaviours such as deforestation and misuse of energy. The author also notes that consequences of environmental destruction do not affect countries according to their role in production of pollutants. Thus, pollution from America would cause problems to a country that is many miles away such as Bangladesh. This indicates that the efforts towards environmental

POEMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

POEMS - Essay Example The poem illustrates the theme of productivity among the American citizens in the totality of its stanzas. In at least each line of the poem, it (the poem) mentions and describes individuals engaged in an activity geared towards productivity. The productivity here is economic and it encompasses all Americans as illustrated in the first line of the first stanza as: â€Å"I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear† (Wallenfeldt, 2012, 26). This first line indicates that the carols in the poem are not from one source, but many sources with a common goal: productivity. The poem â€Å"I hear America Singing† has deployed a huge use of repetition to add more weight and emphasis on the theme. The clause â€Å"makes ready for work, or leaves off work,† in the 4th line brings out the repeated word â€Å"work†. The word â€Å"work† in this line informs that productivity here is achieved only through physical involvement in jobs (Wallenfeldt, 2012, 26). Moreover, the â€Å"singing† has been repeated to put emphasis on how Americans enjoy any practice of productivity they are involved in. Exploration of the reader’s emotions is the most critical part of a poem and what better way to do it by employment of imagery? In the poem â€Å"I hear America Singing† imagery has been employed to reach the needed emotional attachment between the reader and the poem. The line â€Å"The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands,† brings an image to the reader’s mind making them understand the flow and the meaning of the poem (Oliver, 2006, 97). â€Å"I hear America Singing† is a poem showcases great flow of ideas coupled with a fine language use which describes its rhythmic details. Each line in the poem conveys similar information, but only with great emphasis for instance â€Å"The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work†, each line has an ideological connection with the previous

Leadership Development at Goldman Sachs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Leadership Development at Goldman Sachs - Essay Example This scenario demands a learning organisation; in this case, a learning organisation is that which has the capacity and expertise to facilitate learning and transfer learning in continuous processes. This means that it is expected that organisations have sufficient expertise to facilitate learning for employees. The solution of the challenge war for talent is to create leadership development programme at Goldman Sachs, an investment bank at the United States. A leadership development program should cover all perspectives of the organisation, enabling it to effectively achieve its set goals. This is an analysis presents a case study of â€Å"Leadership Development at Goldman Sachs.† Among many other companies in the 1990s, Goldman Sachs was in the fire line fighting the war for talent – both to retain and attract its talent. With its initial step in managing talent, Goldman Sachs created several new managing director posts, dispersal by geography and function. The United States boasts of very many investment banks that have been very successful since the time they were developed, one of these banks is Goldman Sachs. This is an American multinational investment bank, offering various kinds of financial investment in the United States and some other countries that it has set base. Between 1980 and 2000 the investment bank went through major changes that were mainly due to many factors like growth of the IPO markets, merges, growth and expansion of their businesses as well as the globalisation element. In the 1990s, several fundamental issues were raised in the investment bank, which were crucial for its growth and development First, Globalisation increased the competition of talent, thus retention was one of the main issues for Goldman Sachs. It is important to realise that the only way to retain talent in any business is by managing it effectively. As many companies started expanding, there was a high rate of labour mobility, something that

Family Strengths, Functions and Structure Coursework

Family Strengths, Functions and Structure - Coursework Example Family accord contributes to the strength of family since it allows for competency when dealing with conflicts within the family. Factors such as open communication, commitment, spirituality, and appreciation also contribute to the strength of a family. Cultural beliefs have resulted in the change in the functions of various families. For example, in my culture the role of the family is viewed as that of ensuring the family name grows hence decisions are made in terms of how they will impact on the family name and not how they will impact on family members such as children. Another example of how culture has influenced families changing their view on the functions of a family is where in some cultures children are groomed to take care of their parents. Family structure is what makes up the family in terms of membership. There are various types of family structures. A nuclear family structure is one that is traditional where it is comprised of a father, a mother and their children. A single parent family structure is where a family is composed of children with one parent either a father or a mother. Finally, an extended family structures is one where a family is composed of various relatives. For example, living with ones grandparents and parents contributes to an extended family. Early childhood programs play an important role in families in that they introduce the children to the external world enabling them to venture outside the comfort of their

RESEARCH AND THEORY METHODS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

RESEARCH AND THEORY METHODS - Essay Example In addition, the literature argues that the nature of gender bias changes as women and men mature from elementary school children through adolescence, to college undergraduate and graduate students (Kelley & Parsons, 2000) Given that men and women participate in gender bias behaviours, research provides limited qualitative insight to explain why men and women accept such behaviours in a classroom environment (Fritschner, 2000). This paper compares the perceptions of male and female graduate students regarding the influence of gender in the classroom. Once gender influences are better understood, women and men may also have the opportunity to improve their understanding of each other. Literature Review The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 outlawed discrimination based on several characteristics, including gender. However, long ­standing attitudes, traditions, and practices continued to subtly subjugate minority groups based on race, gender, ethnicity, age, and sexual orientation. As note d by Haslett and Lipman (1997), "As overt, visible discrimination was challenged in the 1960s and 1970s, it became replaced by subtle and covert discrimination" (p. 36). Beginning in the early 1980s, popular research by Sadker and Sadker (1985), Hall and Sandler (1982), and others explored subtle mechanisms that marginalised women in the classroom. As defined by Mary Rowe (1977), gender bias produces "micro inequities" reflecting "everyday interactions in which individuals are often treated differently because of their gender" (Sandler, Silverberg, and Hall, 1996, p.1 0). Haslett and Lipman (1997) observed: Micro inequities are particularly ubiquitous because in each instance the harm seems too small to bother with. In the aggregate, however, they constitute a serious barrier to productivity, advancement, and inclusion. Micro inequities are particularly difficult to respond to because of the face issues involved as well as the seeming "smallness" of each single instance. (p. 38) As summarised by Fassinger (1995), research efforts produce conflicting opinions. For example, Hall and Sandler's widely referenced 1982 report provided anecdotal documentation of gender bias in academia, concluding that gender bias created a "chilly climate" for women in colleges and universities. However, Howard and Henney (1998) dispute the existence of a chilly climate. While Young (2001) explores biases that have an adverse impact on boys, most gender bias research examines the marginalising behaviours committed by men against women. However, gender bias includes more than men marginalising women's efforts. Haslett and Lipman (1997) observed that "women may discriminate against other women through their reluctance to support other women. And women may discriminate against themselves through limiting their own aspirations or an unwillingness to take risks" (pp. 35-36). King (1998) found that women unconsciously favor academic papers based on the assumption that the paper was writte n by a man. Research on gender bias provides a rich assortment of quantitative and anecdotal investigations into the nature and impact of gender bias in academia. As examples, Karp and Yoels (1976) quantified classroom participation among undergraduate and graduate students. Hall and Sandler's chilly classroom reports (Hall & Sandler, 1982) were based primarily on anecdotal research. Jamison (1999) evaluated interviews with more than 340

Donor Services Essay Example for Free

Donor Services Essay 1. What was Joanna Reeds diagnosis of the situation in the donor services department? Sam Wilson was an American who ran the Guatemala branch of a U.S. aid agency. Joanna Reeds diagnosis of the situation in his donor services department found many problems. LEADERSHIP The biggest problem was that there was no leader who was accountable. Elena was the supervisor but she had no control. She also had no leadership skills and did not get respect because she was not bilingual and of a different religion. The supposed leader, Jose, spent almost all his time in the community services department. He did not pay attention and left things up to Elena. INEFFICIENCY IN WORK The translators mostly did clerical work even though they were bilingual. The work in the office was divided into set tasks, one done by each person, and not divided evenly. Some workers had too much paperwork while the others had spare time. Those that had spare time did not help those loaded with work. There was also lack of training in English and in work, so quality was bad. The workers did not think about the job and used many extra steps and wasted time. TRACKING The data was not shared in the department, so people had little knowledge about their job. There were no statistics about time, requests for information, or responses. There was little communication, plus there was resentment of Elena by some. Jose did not hear about problems or about good results. MORALE The agency was run by a religion and Elena was not of that religion. However, everyone was proud of the agency and the religion. But morale was low because the workers did not use or improve their skills and had only a set and boring role to do. They are frustrated with the department. GROUP DYNAMICS One translator Magdalena had experience, college education, and maturity. She had strong belief in the agency and was more professional. Three translators socialized mostly, and their leader Juana was outgoing with good oral English. Other translators had too much work. Everyones English was only fair. Supervisor Elena was left out. Elena was treated like just a watchdog. Boss Jose was not around much and paid no attention. 2. What should she recommend to Sam Wilson? (HOW) Joanna might have made these suggestions: LEADERSHIP Magdalena might be a good supervisor instead of Elena. Magdalena had experience, education, belief in the agency, maturity, and professionalism. Magdalena could keep herself from making others dislike her by keeping a distance away from them. She could also have got respect. Juana could be given more leadership roles, to use her humor and outgoingness. Elena could do a job that required the hardest work. Jose could spend all his time in the community services department. INEFFICIENCY IN WORK The working strategy was changed to divide all the work more evenly, so all workers did all jobs. They could be less bored and learn more through such training. They could work in a team environment, rather than be selfish for themselves. Joannas identified unnecessary steps, which caused the system to be slow; could be changed to a better workflow. The workers could be asked to think more about improvements. The workers could be trained more in translating, perhaps they could translate easy documents or parts of documents. Socializing could be minimized to break times. TRACKING Statistics about time, requests for information, or responses could be kept and shared with all workers. Communication about problems or about good results would be increased through meetings, talks with leaders, and newsletters. MORALE All workers could know all jobs and be given a minimum of boring work, while improving skills. The religion should be emphasized along with service to others. The department could link with community services more. Communication should be encouraged. Togetherness as a team with an important purpose whould be emphasized. GROUP DYNAMICS The leader should be respected because of English languge ability and leadership skills and be of the right religion. Theleader should also be around all the time. The secondary leader should be a team worker and skillful in communication. The workers should respect each other and work as a team. All persons should have clear authority and responsibility. The workload should be fair. REWARDS Joanna could recommend rewards to change both the workers and the managers behavior. They could get a bonus for achieving goals. They could get awards for service and efficiency. They could have a chance to go to higher positions in the agency. Perhaps they could visit the U.S.!

The Charles Manson Murders English Literature Essay

The Charles Manson Murders English Literature Essay Charles Manson was very persuasive but also very much deranged. His claim to fame was that he was able to seduce many women and control them just as well. He knew enough about crime and its intricacies due to the many years he spent in jail and his frequent reappearances therein. He would develop a great amount of knowledge due his inmates help. This knowledge, along with his desires to control and annihilate, help his groupies to kill his victims. Gary Hinman, was a music teacher working on a Ph.D. in Sociology at UCLA. On July 25, 1969, Manson sent the Family members Mary Brunner, Susan Atkins, and Bobby Beausoleil to hustle money from him. There are two different possible reasons for Manson murdering Hinman. The first reason may be related to a bad drug buy. The second reason might have something to do with Hinman possibly inheriting $21,000-the obvious assumption that Manson wanted that money. Whatever the case, Hinman refused to turn over his money. Manson, along with Bruce Davis, joined the other family members who were currently with Hinman to convince him of letting his money go. However, an argument happened and Manson cut off Hinmans ear with a sword. Manson and Davis left stealing one of Hinmans cars, along the way. When Manson left he told the other Family members not to let him go till he gives up the money. Hinman was held captive for two days, after which he was stabbed to death. The killing was ordered by Manson , after he found that he was unpliable. To throw the police off their track, the Family devised a way to make it seem as if the Black Panthers killed Hinman. They wrote the words Political Piggy on the wall, just above his body, in his blood, along with a bloody paw print. On August 6, 1969, Bobby Beausoleil was arrested for Hinmans murder after the police had found him driving one of Hinmans stolen cars. However, due to similarly enacted crimes, by the Family, Beausoleil was released from prison. On the night of August 8, 1969, Charles Watson, Susan, Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Linda Kasabian were told, by Charles Manson, to go to the home of Terry Melcher at 10050 Cielo Drive. His instructions were specific-they were to kill everyone at the house and make it similar to the Hinman murder, with words and symbols written in blood on the walls. The members did what they told and killed Steven Parent, Jay Sebring, Wojciech Frykowski, Abigail Folger, Sharon Tate, and Sharon Tates unborn child. On August 9, 1969, the next day, Manson, Charles Watson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, Steve Grogan, Leslie Van Houten, and Linda Kasabian went to Leno and Rosemary LaBiancas home. Charles Manson went with Watson to tie up the couple. Manson then left and told Van Houten and Linda Kasabian to kill the LaBiancas. Watson, Van Houten, and Kasabian separated the couple and murdered them. They then had dinner, showered, and hitchhiked all the way back to Spahn Ranch (the Familys home base, if you will). Afterwards, Manson, Atkins, Grogan, and Kasabian drove around trying to look for others to kill. They did not, however, and retreated back home. Charles Manson and his Family were brought in on charges of auto theft. However, they ended up getting released due to an invalid date error on the search warrant. Manson blamed the Familys arrest on Donald Shea for supposedly snitching. Shorty did want the family off the ranch which was definitely the truth. After their arrest Manson decided to leave Spahn Ranch move to Barker Ranch near Death Valley. Before they left, though, Manson, Bruce Davis, Charles Watson, and Steve Grogan killed Shorty and buried his body behind the Spahn Ranch. Charles Manson was born into a very tumultuous household. His mother a prostitute he had no one stable household. He never knew his father and his mother cared little for the child she had born out of greed. Manson was thusly placed into foster care where he was to be left on his own for most of his life. His mother, at one point, beat the young Manson for his money. Upon which he beat his own mother back. His mother would frequently have sex with both men and women in front of him. Men were introduced to him as Uncles. She would always run from trouble and was always broke. Manson and his mother would stay in run-down hotel rooms without food or proper necessities. Manson hardly went to school, and dropped out by the age of nine. When Manson was placed into foster care his mother promised to visit him but never did. Manson escaped to his mother but she rejected him and promptly brought him back to foster care. He escaped again but instead went to Indianapolis where he rented an apar tment and gained employment through sweeping sidewalks, washing windows, cleaning up garbage, and stealing in general. However, that ended when he was arrested in Peoria, Illinois looking for his relatives in a stolen car. Unfortunately, Mansons life was full arrests and jail-time. The boy was put in Indianapolis Juvenile Center after his mother rejected him once more. All throughout Mansons young life he would be beaten and raped at the facilities he would attend. His psychiatric profile reads almost like an open-book. His early childhood a waste, his mother neglectful, and his predilection to crime from a young age point to a seriously disturbed individual. Hes what would be called the LCP (Life Course Persistent) offender, and a Mission-Oriented Killer-believing that a certain person or group of people deserve to be killed. Mansons early actions seem minor but gradually become much worse-murder/conspiracy. Manson seeks to give the impression hes trying hard but puts forth no actual effort. Because of Mansons past he shows rejection, instability, and psychic trauma. Hes always striving for status so as to achieve some form of acceptance from love or affection-his need to sleep with so many women is a result of this insecure attachment to love and the need to be loved by mother. He also has homosexual and assaultive tendencies due to past abuses. Since Manson never knew his father that affected him greatly as well. He replaced his father with a desire to love and feel attached to his mother-the oedipal complex. However, his mother rejected him as both a man and as her son. Manson after being castrated mentally by his mother was left with a complex to constantly consume those around him. This was his attempt to be just like his mother, prostitute out young women-like his mother-get them pregnant and leave them behind. Which Manson successfully did. Three young children bearing his DNA born to him from three different women and all of them will never actually seem him. His need to abandon, just like his unknown father, and want to reject, because of his mother, leads him to become a very disturbed individual. Mansons behavior was less than respectful in his childhood to adulthood. He never received any education past the three-grade. He didnt understand what was right and wrong from an early age. He utilized everything he was taught on the street and was constantly in trouble even when he was young. More than likely, he had a Conduct Disorder because of how often young Manson was in trouble with Law Enforcement officials. He would move from Juvenile facility to Juvenile facility. He was never truly in one place his entire life. He was always wandering around-just like when he was with his mother. He could never settle down in one place for very long. The same is true for his adulthood. The longest place he stayed was at the Saphn Ranch and that was with his cult. Manson would be considered a sociopath committing crimes in his youth resulting in larger crimes in his adulthood. His inability to come to terms with himself as a person results in these insecurities which culminate in large-scale murders. These murders are a large part of his personalityextensions of his persona. These murders represent in some way all parts of himself and what he hates about himself. His behavior towards that end has been that of anger and frustration of not being able to do anything. So, all he can do his chop away at it. Like those dead bodies leave blood on the wall describing the ways in which he feels about himself and those around him. Pigs has meaning in more than just the political sense but also in the way in which he was born. The men which had sex with his mother might all be called pigs. Greed rising from that word because of her inability to make money anywhere else but through sex. He was left to watch as these pushed their way onto his mother, but s he heartedly accepted it for cash. His tendencies later on life would be to give the same treatment those men had given her to others in jail, institutions, wherever he was around with other men and in the advantage to destroy them sexually. After his repeated rapes in prison, and institutions, his latent homosexual urges thrust themselves onto men whom he was able to take advantage of easily. A psychiatrist determined he was unfit for a standard institution and needed treatment elsewhere. The young Manson didnt receive anything better where he went. He was still treated harshly only able to understand the reality with which he was taught-to be powerful is the key. He took that to heart when he formed his group. He seduced each one of them with lust and made them understand through coercion that what Manson was doing was right. This caused him grow egotistical and powerful at the same time. Hed gained that power he didnt have in prison. At the time of the killings Manson was 35, unemployed, had no income, and was living on a ranch with the so-called Manson Family. It was a cult of people who all believed in Manson and his charismatic ideals that he could be Jesus or a supreme ideal figure. They never let him down. They killed for him, had sex with him, and had children with him. They never came to realize how lost they truly were by being seduced by him. However, that is who he preyed upon. Manson was skillful he knew who to touch. Not someone who was full of vigor, and willpower, but someone much like him-beaten, downtrodden, no place left to go, and insecure of attachments. The demographic he chased after was wealthy families whom he perceived as being better than everyone else, receiving more when everyone else had less, and so he in turn killed them and splayed their blood upon the walls in great defiance. Most deaths were of middle-aged males or females. Beyond their wealth and status, which he was trying to ac hieve by killing them, the demographic were constrained to Los Angeles and the districts therein-Topanga Canyon, Hollywood, Benedict Canyon, and Los Feliz areas. These were the wealthiest districts of Los Angeles, and often provided enough base for him to pick and choose who he wanted to kill. He often did not care for skin color but was especially prejudiced against blacks. He feared that they might come after him. The black panthers would kill him. He thusly had armed patrols around the ranch upon the death of Bernard Crowe. These demographics display what his true intentions were; he did have in mind money, as he was living out of a ranch and not in a well-made house. However, he was more or less trying to achieve that sense of status that comes with being wealthy. He didnt have it and so by killing others who were wealthy the logic might fit. The status might flow if he could take all the money they own. This never happened and he never received the status he so craved. This man was so gravely traumatized from such an early stage of life it is no wonder why he murdered so many. His way of never bloodying his hands is another way of escape. Just like he had been doing for most his life and probably will still do. He was never the achiever and will never be. The way he was born into the world will always put him down because of that. He will always feel rejected and hurt and unloved. The only way he can supplement that is through pain and agony and giving it back. Though this man doesnt stand up against some of the more brutal murderers you come to realize that his psychological profile might very well fit with the rest of them-rejection, insecurity, sexual abuses. Nothing anyone can say couldve ever helped this child when he was young. The way he was brought up destroyed him inside and afterwards he never knew how to recuperate. His actions thus far have all been deeply rooted in his past, with his mother. The crimes he committed, are also atrocities , killing a woman even an unborn in cold-blood is disturbing. He didnt do the killing but he may as well have. His cold nature to just simply give an order and do it would be equal to killing that child yourself. However that a part of him, that is the ability to abandon those around him. He can so easily walk away from it all pretending as if nothing really matters because theyre the ones doing it not him. Thats exactly the kind of thing he tried to imply in court as well. That he, in fact, was not all that responsible. That he told them to kill people doesnt mean they had to. He felt that he wasnt guilty by association because of what they did. Obviously that didnt happen as one can still be convicted of murder given conspiracy and guilty parties in connection. One must always realize how deep the roots of your pain can go and where it could lead you.

Adverse Situations and the Formation of Culture :: Cultural Identity Essays

An unspoken contempt of culture has grown throughout white America. What benefit could possibly come from silly rituals, special foods, colorful garments, jewelry and ceremonies? Even most of the relativists have forgotten the purpose of culture and blindly dispense hollow respect for it. Sociology and anthropology texts imply it's just arbitrary stuff people come up with for the hell of it when they live near one another. With such an implication, it certainly seems a little silly in today's world. Culture emerges in only one circumstance and serves only one purpose. When a group of people face the same adversity at the same time, they do better if they deal with it together. A people's collective solutions to adversity is their culture. If there's a limited supply of food, we'll get used to the same fruits and meats and use the same cooking techniques. If we live in the same climate and around the same building materials, we'll learn to build dwellings together. If we experience the same weather and live near cotton plants, we'll weave similar clothing. If we're confused by the same astronomical phenomenon or killed by the same unknown disease, we'll come up with myths together. Without unified adversity, problems are fleeting. If I face hunger one month, infant mortality the next, and predators the third, and you face these things in the opposite order, we build no culture together. We're not going to hunt together or create a common death ritual or learn to build secure dwellings together. This is the only reason culture is geographically localized. Now, many classes of people do not face any perceptible adversity that unification is a weapon against. A non-trivial percentage of the world who are of certain races, live in certain countries, and are born to affluent families no longer see problems in their lives that could be overcome if they just had the help of their fellow man. There is no hunger for them, no discrimination, no infant mortality, no predators, no droughts. As far as they know, their only enemy are the people around them competing for the same jobs, resources, and mates. Genuine culture cannot emerge in these situations. Instead, we end up with something that looks a lot like culture—a common language, beliefs, some customs, ways of greeting and acceptable conversation. However, for these people, this commonality does not serve the purpose of culture. Instead, it's used only to smoothly interact with those in proximity.

Latino Gangs in Movies Essay -- Movies Films Gangs Violence Essays

Latino Gangs in Movies American filmmakers of the late twentieth century portrayed Latinos as merciless pursuers of the "American Dream". The Latino immigrants were characterized as "Urban Bandidos", seeking the path to ultimate wealth and power in a society dominated by Anglo authority. West Side Story, Fort Apache, and Scarface each portrayed the Latino character differently, but commonly depicted the "Urban Bandido" as a man in search of money and power in America. Not only do these immigrants fight for the warped American dream, but they often fight without fear, willing to risk almost anything to reach the top. In West Side Story, the Puerto Rican gang known as the Sharks always gets blamed for the conflicts that arise between the two groups. The Latino males are depicted as violent and angry, while the senoritas are portrayed as submissive and willing to assimilate into the anglo-governed society. The popular musical presents American audiences with the idea of interracial relationships in a society that looks down upon the mixing of cultures. Tony and Maria refuse to ignore their undying love for each other, and put that devotion before all other beliefs and concerns about their opposing social groups. As the two gangs fight for territory, Tony and Maria fight to make their friends understand that it doesn't have to be a "space†¦impregnated with cultural symbols and political significations for the relations, interactions, and social actions according to the "American Way of Life" (Sandoval, 167). Fort Apache conveys the image of a society where Anglos are the strong, heroic force and the Latinos take a submissive, incompetent role in the urban life. Paul Newman plays the white cop, displaying his hero... ...es to gaining the most material wealth possible. The Anglo characters of these late 20th century films play the role of the "good guy", always appearing when the need for a hero or savior arises. Overall, American audiences do not see a great change in the presentation of Latino characters in the storyline. They are portrayed negatively through time, although in the more recent films, the Latino is more of a violent, greedy druglord in place of the typical greaser or bandit that we are accustomed to seeing. The stereotypes remain present through the second half of the century, identifying Latinos as dark, violent, inferior bandits, and the Latinas as weak, unintelligible, sexual objects. It seems as though the American cinema has no intention of introducing the world to a more accurate representation of Latinos and Latinas even as we approach the end of the century.

A Separate Peace :: essays research papers

Difference Too Often Leads to Hate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times in the world, differences have lead to hate. Think of Martin Luther King, for example, who stood for fighting against one of the largest differences. A Separate Peace, by John Knowles, is one of many examples of differences leading to hate. Gene and Finny, who somehow managed to become friends, have completely different views of each other. Finny wanted to be friends with Gene, but had trouble facing the reality that Gene felt differently. Gene became jealous over Finny’s difference to himself. Difference has led to hate, once more, and pain has again resulted, first mentally and emotionally, then finally physically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowles creates Gene as one who always is strictly trying to comply with the rules and regulations, always obeying his superiors; completely different then that of Finny’s personality. â€Å"Over your head? Pink! It makes you look like a fairy!† (909). Considering such, he envies Finny, because Finny can ‘get away with murder’ if he wanted to, and can stay out of trouble doing so. â€Å"Phineas could get away with anything. I couldn’t help envying him†¦a little† (909). Knowles shows how much jealousy Gene had over Finny’ s ability to stay out of trouble, no matter what he did. â€Å"This time he wasn’t going to get away with it.† (909). He would rather be in accordance to the rules and be on his best behavior, than to be a rebel who goes against everything. Finny, on the other hand was more of a rebel. â€Å"I wonder what would happen if I looked like a fairy to everyone.† (909). Finny, more of a rebel, is very outgoing; he, however shows himself off as a perfect individual. One day at Devon, he gets into small dispute because he wore the school tie as a belt. This he frees himself from quickly, explaining, â€Å"It goes with the shirt and it all ties together†¦with what we’ve been talking about, this bombing in Central Europe.† (910). Complying with not only Devon’s rules and regulations, but also the standards of formal conduct, Gene has a strong instinct to follow order, guided by careful thought, which Knowles has implanted in him, throughout the text. Gene is a person who thinks before he acts. â€Å"What was I doing up here anyway? Why did I let Finny talk me into stupid things like this?† (906). He is an individualist with distinct and well-thought characteristics.

Trial balance

What is a Trial Balance? State its objectives and characteristics. Give some reasons for disagreement of the Trial Balance. A ‘Trial Balance' is a list of all the General ledger accounts (both revenue and capital) contained in the ledger of a business. This list will contain the name of the nominal ledger account and the value of that nominal ledger account. The value of the nominal ledger will hold either a debit balance value or a credit balance value.The debit balance values will be listed in the debit column of the trial balance and the redit value balance will be listed in the credit column. The profit and loss statement and balance sheet and other financial reports can then be produced using the ledger accounts listed on the trial balance. The following are the important objectives of trial balance: 1. To Check The Arithmetical Accuracy Trial balance is based on the double-entry principle of debit equals credit or credit equals debit. As a result, the debit and credit col umns of trial balance must always be equal.If they do, it is assumed that the recordings of financial transactions are ccurate. Conversely, if they do not, it is assumed that they are not arithmetically accurate. Therefore, one important purpose of preparing trial balance is to provide a check on the arithmetical accuracy of the recordings of the financial transactions. 2. To Help Locate Accounting Errors Since the trial balance indicates if there is any error committed in the Journal and the ledger, it helps the accountant to locate the error because the starting point of locating errors is trial balance itself. 3.To Summarize the Financial Transactions A business performs several numbers of financial transactions during a certain period of time. The transactions themselves cannot portray any picture of the financial affairs of the business. For that purpose, a summary of the transactions has to be drawn. The trial balance is prepared with a view to summarize all the financial tran sactions of the business. 4. To Provide the Basis for Preparing Final Accounts Final accounts are prepared to show profit and loss and the financial position of the business at the end of an accounting period.These accounts are prepared by using the debit and credit of all ledger accounts. Therefore, since the trial balance is a statement of the debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts, it provides the basis for the preparation of the final accounts. Characteristics of Trial Balance 1. It is a list of balances of all Ledger accounts and Cash Book 2. It is not a part of the double entry system of book-keeping. It is only a working paper. 3. It can be prepared on any date 4. It verifies the arithmetical accuracy of posting of entries from the Journal to the Ledger. 5.

“Owls” by Mary Oliver Rhetorical Analysis Essay

In this excerpt from â€Å"Owls† Mary Oliver writes with grave, and pensive to consider her towards nature by indicating the complexities of one’s response towards nature. Her usage of figurative language to visualizing the surrounds of the flowers, her metaphors to control the interpretation of the owls and her imagery of the yin and yang point of view in her essay to fully describe the owls and the flowers. Oliver’s use of figurative diction produces a vivid image for the reader to engulf themselves in. The thrilling description of the great horned owl in a tree, depicting the owls a â€Å"pure† hunter of the world. The author explains that the owls are â€Å"merciless† against other animals generating a predator that is fearless in his hunt for his prey. The author is constantly placing labels upon the owls such as â€Å"death-bringer† to associate the owl with the cause of death. The author’s use of imagery to create a contrasting view of nature such as a yin and yang portray. The owl represents the yin of these cynical unforgiving creatures of â€Å"razor-tipped toes† displaying a rough character that terrifies any other creatures. While the yang of the flowers is dream-like and serene â€Å"red and pink and white tents† that truly embody the light and joy; the two are compared even through their colors of these â€Å"night† and light characters of nature. Contrasting is a major focus which the author uses throughout the excerpt about the characters of nature. Oliver depicts the â€Å"screech owl on her wrist† to explain the complicated characters of nature. Even though this great horned owl is terrifying, Oliver still is in amazement of it. She says it would become the main purpose of her life. While â€Å"the scream of the rabbit† in â€Å"pain and hopelessness† is terrible, it is not comparable with the â€Å"scream of the owl† which is of â€Å"sheer rollicking glory.† Nature has extremes, and the owl is the extreme of terror. The flowers, however, represent the extreme of happiness. Through parallelism, Oliver exemplifies the happiness given by the fields of flowers. The flowers have â€Å"sweetness, so palpable† that it overwhelms Oliver. Henceforth, Oliver though the use of diction her creates shift in the tone of the piece from cynical to serene. By translating from death and predator-prey owls to â€Å"immobilizing happiness† flowers, she primarily used contrasting views and lots of imagery to convey her view of nature different characters.

Anana

Study Guide Note about the purpose of this Study Guide: This study guide is to help you be aware of the information you'll need to know to earn an A* on the Unit Exam for my class. I have also noted the related objectives that may be tested on during the Cambridge Exam at the end of the year. Cambridge Themes and Key Questions Addressed: Theme 1 : Government and the People 1754-2000 Key Question 1: How did Americans develop the U. S. Political system during the period from 1754 to 1865? Why did relations between the British and the colonists deteriorate before 1776?How was the Constitution created? The writings of John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Tom Paine The Revolutionary War: political and military leadership, military events, and their consequences 1775-83 Theme 2: Who Are Americans? Key Question 1: How far did the economic, social, and political status of Native Americans change from 1754 to 2000? Theme 4: America and the World 1754-2010 Key Question 1: How were the borders of the nation defined by 1853? How important was the role of France in shaping the borders of U. S. A.? To what extent were war and diplomacy with Brittany important in defining U.S. Borders? VOCABULARY: Duties/Tariffs Import Export Revenue Martyr Tyrant/Tyranny Autocratic Militia Direct Tax Indirect Tax Loyalists Patriots Aristocracy Monarchy (and hereditary monarchy) Effigy Boycott Tar & Feathering Mercantilism: forerunner to imperialism; colonies help a mother country become self-sufficient and wealthy; idea that no great nation can exist without colonies; economic nationalism; limit imports from other countries but encourage exports to other countries.

Philippine Culture and Filipino Essay

Understanding the Filipino Values and Culture To a person who is not familiar or aware ot the Philippine culture, understanding Filipinos is like playing a game one has never played before and of which the rules have not been explained very well. understanding the values of Filipinos pose a challenge, to enjoy the game without missing the Joys and fun of like living in the Philippines. A stranger or foreigner who has a knowledge of or exposure to the Filipino societys customs, etiquette, and manners, is less likely to experience intense culture shock. The Philippine Islands and Filipino Profile: The Phlllpplnes Is composed of 7,107 Islands with a total land area of 296,912 square kilometers (1. 6 kilometers equal 1 mile). This makes it a little larger than the British Isles and a little smaller than Japan. Its land area Is eight times larger than Taiwan, 213 the size ot either Thailand or spaln, but less than 1/30 ot the size ot the united States or Mainland China. The country is bounded on the west by the China Sea, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, and on the south by the Celebes Sea. It lies a little above the equator and is 965 kilometers (600 miles) off the southeast coast of the Asian mainland. It Is about 160 kilometers (100 miles) below Taiwan, and 24 kilometers above Borneo. Just being above the equator. puts the Philippines in the typhoon belt. The two pronounced seasons in the Philippines are the rainy months from June to October and the dry months from November to May. In between these seasons come a number of typhoons that hit the country yearly. The Philippines has a population of more than 50 million. The population of the country is rather unevenly distributed on the larger islands due to livelihood opportunities, social and economic organizations and historical factors. Its biggest islands In addition to the three (3) main islands (Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao) are Mindoro, Samar, Panay, Cebu, Palawan, Leyte, Bohol and Masbate. Its largest cities are Manila, Quezon, Davao and Cebu. The Philippine population Is characterized by an almost equal number of males and females. ot Flllplnos are below 15 years of age. Literacy stands at 82. 9 percent. The Philippines has for its languages Pilipino, English and Spanish; it has 87 different major dialects. English is widely spoken; In fact, this country is the third largest English-speaking nation In the world. Philippines is the first democratic country in Asia. Welcome to the Philippines! Welcome to this country of warm smiles and vivacious people. Getting to know the Filipinos is easy enough. If you speak English, you will find that most of the Filipinos speak the language; and what’s more, they are only too happy to make your acquaintance in English. Even if you don’t, the Filipino is so outgoing by nature that making friends out of total strangers or chance acquaintances is simply being in character. The Filipinos are a happy blend of several races, basically Malay with Chinese, Spanish, Indian and American admixtures. Their values and ways of life were shaped by several, sometimes conflicting cultures and the resulting blend is what makes their own uniquely Filipino. In their veins run the rich Christian values of Europe, the pragmatic and democratic values of America, and the spiritual values of Asia. The seven distinct elements in Filipino culture are: values, basic personality, basic social unit, politics, economics, technology and ecology. Each of these aspects of the Filipino culture has a body of ideas called â€Å"content† which gives form and meaning to each aspect. This form and meaning are expressed through â€Å"structures† or institutions which the Philippine society creates for the orderly regulation of behavior in established ways. Filipino cultural values are widely held beliefs which make some activities, relationships, goals and feelings important to the Filipino people’s identity. When these Filipino values coalesce and mesh in a mutually supportive system, it is called â€Å"Filipino value system. † The content of the Filipino values are the Filipino myths and religion while the structures are the Filipino oral and written traditions, churches, acred places, temples and mosques. The Filipinos internalize these values of their culture and thus create for themselves a â€Å"world of meanings. † The Filipino basic personality is determined by the Filipino culture because of the selection of those congruent types that are congruent with the culture. The content of the Filipino basic personality is made up of Filipino beliefs and knowledge while the structure is formed by the Filipino initiation and various rituals and formal and informal education. The Filipino basic social unit is the family which contributes to and maintains the Filipino values. The content of the Filipino social unit is the family, groups and community life while the structure is the lineage, marriage descent, neighborhood, peer group and villages. The Filipino politics are the Filipino ideas and structures related to the distribution and channeling of power within the Philippine society for its well-being, order and regulation. The content of politics is the Filipino traditional power units and democracy while the structures are the law, parliament, councils, elders and chiefs. structures which it creates for provision of food, clothing and shelter for its members. The content of Philippine economics is the production by private enterprises while its structure is capitalism and socialism. Filipino technology includes all that the Filipinos have invented to make their life easier, less arduous, and shifted from the brink of mere survival thus changing their way of life and giving them more control of their physical environment. Its contents are communication and health while its structure is composed of the various media, professional organizations, medicine, hospitals and laboratories. Filipino ecology is the relation of the Filipino to the ecosystem such as temperature, ype of soil, amount of moisture, types of crops that can be grown or types of animals present in the Philippines and other environmental features. The content of Filipino ecology is the identification of the Filipino with nature and its structure including hunting, fishing, nature worship and irrigation. Cultural Contrast: The Filipino, compared with Westerners, prefers a â€Å"structured† way of life rather than one in which he can be assertive of his own individuality. Thus, a Westerner will find the Filipino less autonomous and more dependent. This is because of the social oncept of the Filipino self-esteem. His concept of self is identified with his family. Right from childhood he is made to believe that he belongs to the family. Since childhood a Filipino is encouraged to tell all of his thoughts to his parents and submit to his parents’ direction, counsel and advice. He is admonished to be good because any disgrace that he commits is a disgrace to the family. In times of misfortune he is assured of his familys support, sympathy and love. By western standards, the Filipino parents can be considered overprotective and sometimes intrusive. However, if one understands this seemingly unreasonable control in the context of the Philippine culture wherein exists the belief in the primacy of the extended family over that of the individual and that the only source of emotional, economic, and moral support is the family, one will be more tolerant and respectful of such actuation. The Filipino Family and Kinship: The basic units of the Philippine social organization are the elementary family which includes the mother, father and children, and the bilateral extended family which embraces all relatives of the father and the mother. Of special importance is the sibling group, the unit formed by brothers and sisters. There are no clans or similar unilateral kinship groups in the Philippines. The elementary family and the sibling group form the primary bases of corporate action. influence of kinship, which centers on the family, is far-reaching. The persuasive influence of the family upon all segments of Philippine social organization can be illustrated in many ways. Religious responsibility, for example, is familial rather than church-centered. Each home has a family shrine. The influence of the family upon conomic and entrepreneurial business activities is also great. The so-called â€Å"corporations† found in urban areas are generally family holdings. The prevailing family structure emphasizes loyalty and support of the family, not of any higher level of social organization. The Filipino family is the nuclear unit around which social activities are organized – it is the basic unit of corporate action. The interests of the individual in Philippine society are secondary to those of the family. Ethical and Normative Behavior of Filipinos: Ethics bases itself on what is human. Not everything is universal in human nature. As Clyde Kluckholm and Henry A, Murray say â€Å"Every man is in certain respects (a) like all other men; (b) like some other men; (c) like no other man. It is within the context of (b) that ethical and normative behavior of people in the Philippines has its distinctive characteristics. The Filipino cultural orientation is supported by shared values which function as the basis of shared behavior common to most Filipinos. Values have reference to standards people use for evaluating what is right or wrong, good or evil. Values are elated to norms which are rules of conduct specific to given social situations. The Filipinos have two set s of paradoxical traits and patterns of relationship that are imbued by his culture. The first set is the highly structured and authoritarian familial set-up where roles are prescribed especially for younger members of the family. This is characterized by autocratic leadership of the elder-members, submitting one’s self to the decision of the family elders, and almost one-way communication in the pecking order. The second set of social relationship that the Filipino has, which ronically exists side by side with the highly structured set-up, is the strong communitarian practice called â€Å"Bayanihan† which literally means â€Å"being a hero. This practice ignores social ranking, structures, leadership roles and authority relationships. The roles in the structured set-up mentioned earlier cease to exist. Surprisingly, the Filipino is at home with both cultural practices in his social life. He shifts from one setting to another with unbelievable ease and grace. In the first set up, there is no way that a child can lead the elders in any form of decision- making. In the Bayanihan set-up, however, if a child proves that he has the right qualification needed for the task, he may lead the elders, not excluding his father and elder brother. There are three main imperatives that underlie Filipino value orientation: relational imperatives (actual person to person encounters), emotional imperatives (emotionally perceived and that the most powerful moral imperative in Filipino culture is â€Å"utang na 100b† or debt of gratitude/loyalty or commitment). Unlike in other Asian countries, women in the Philippines occupy a high status. Equality with men is a birthright of the Filipino women. Unlike her Western sisters, they didn’t have to march the streets to be heard. Women are highly respected in the Philippines. They may walk alone on the streets. They can also drive alone. Filipinos are fond of giving and attending parties. Any event can be an excuse for having a small or big party – the baptism of an infant, a birthday, a daughter’s debut, a wedding, or an engagement. Even a promotion in a Job, passing a government exam, getting one’s first paycheck or recovery from illness is enough reason to give a party.

Questions for Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions for Discussion - Essay Example Essentially, some companies believe that if they tell applicants the realistic job information, the applicants will not want the job. This approach of hiring employees without giving them a through understanding of what they are getting themselves into can backfire (Jean & Stanley 2011, p.121). When employees are hired and later find out that the job information was unrealistic, most of them will eventually leave the job. The costs of filling these positions include the cost of employing new employees, training costs, advertising costs and labor hours lost, thus making this process expensive. Giving realistic information about a job will attract only the interested candidates, thus reducing the staff turnover and in the long run reducing the costs of filling vacant positions. Companies need to focus on both the skills and motivation of the job applicants; an individual may have the job skills, but without motivation, he/she may not be interested with job (Packard, 2001). This approac h will enable the recruiter to get the suitable applicants by observing and listening to their reactions and responses; once the hiring team presents the realistic information about the job. An applicant may see the job as a source of experience and after sometimes he/she will move into another career; such an applicant may not be the best for the job. There are applicants who will respond positively about the job; it will be wise to choose prospective employees from this group (Packard, 2001). Employers expect the applicants to give realistic information about their qualifications, skills, and work experience and use various ways to get the information from the applicants. Employers also need to give realistic job information to the applicants; honesty and trust will be the best policy (Jean & Stanley 2011, p.122). A well structured and transparent recruitment system may significantly reduce the rate of staff turnover, which are experienced within the first three months of employme nt, the period where both the employee and the company are typically on a probationary period. For example, Walt Disney World in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, has 55,000 employees and hires an average of 200 people per day; while hiring, the firm employs realistic job previews. Applicants view a film illustrating the working conditions at Disney, before completing an application or an interview. After viewing the film, 10 percent of applicants eliminate themselves from the hiring process. Disney observes this as a good thing, as those self-selecting themselves out most likely would not have been an excellent fit with the organization. Honesty in the recruitment process may result to positive remarks about the company; the applicants will regard the company positively thus enhancing the company’s public image (Jean & Stanley 2011, p.124). # 2 There are key disadvantages of this recruitment approach. First, provision of realistic job information may prompt candidates to eliminate themselves voluntarily from consideration for a certain job. For this reason, it is normally assumed that such information will decrease the number of prospective employees who eventually accept the job. However, stiff competition for new workers may diminish the probability that realistic job information will become an essential part of a company’s recruiting efforts. Despite the confidence that this approach will reduce the probability of job acceptance, various analysis and reviews, of the literature of realistic job pre

Responsibility of Internal Audit in the Detection of Fraud Research Paper

Responsibility of Internal Audit in the Detection of Fraud - Research Paper Example Auditing is mostly of two types: Internal and external audit. The internal audit team is a team appointed by the management of the company which aims at ensuring that the company is acting according to the rules and operations are in compliance to all type of internal and external rules. Internal audit prepares a company for an external audit by evaluating the operations and checking for fraud within manageable levels. External audit, on the other hand, is conducted by independent authorities who have no personal concern or take in the company and are appointed by the SEC or legal authorities to check the company’s operations. When an internal audit team audits, the company does not face any fine or legislation in case of fraud detection but in case of the external audit team, companies face legislation, fine and other legal processes in case of any fraud in their operations. Fraud in operations is one of the most occurring and costly issues faced by organizations. Studies sho w that US organizations have faced a very significant and increasing proportion of fraud in their operations every year. US economy faces the highest proportion of fraud in the period of economic downturn that is because employees and management do not get money enough for their survival or many other reasons contribute. It has also been observed that proportion of fraud had been increasing with significant percentage each year since 2001 (Howe, 2009). As a proportion of fraud is increasing in the organizations, it has brought high concerns to the management. Organizations today strive their best to lessen fraud and corruption in their operations. For this purpose, they rely heavily on the internal audit team and internal auditing activities. Internal auditor reports only to the board of directors he gets better control on fraud and corruption because of the fact that board of directors have a stake in the company and hence they don’t tolerate any kind of fraud and donâ€℠¢t hold any other personal interest. Organizations believe that as internal auditors review the activities in depth and monitor the operations independently without any personal take on them, they usually stem well in the areas where fraud is taking place. Internal audit teams get a good knowledge of the operations and organizational process over time and this is what makes it easy for them to detect any fraud happening. The internal auditors are believed to have better knowledge of the risk areas, control systems, employee profiles and this is what helps in effectively dealing with fraud in the organization. It has been stated by ACFE US that the internal audit team has detected the highest proportion fraud in organizations. The survey elaborates that internal auditors have no concern or personal interest in the organization. Rather they are independent authorities. Contrary to them, management has a personal interest in bonuses, rewards, and promotions as well as job retention whi ch given them the way to fraudulent behavior.  

Compare between two websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare between two websites - Essay Example These websites provide various services and software products for business management. Halogensoftware’s products are more focused towards talent management part of the business, whereas, Successfactors’ solutions are related to execution of business. Halogensoftware provides following major product package: performance appraisal, goal management, competency management, career development and planning, integrated talent profile, employee on boarding, activity tracker, easy HRIS integration, job description builder and real0time reporting etc. On the other hand, product and service package of successfactors include, business alignment, people performance and integrated business-execution software solutions. Both organizations provide more or less similar range of software products. Halogen provides money back guarantee for its services where as successfactors display Deloitte’s rating for its products. Analysis indicated that the successfactors has better described and marketed their products. For example, both firms offer a product 360-degree feedback; however, successfactors has given a brief comparison of 360 degree and a regular manager feedback to show how 360-degree feedback is better and why should it is adapted. Then, a visual presentation, including snap shots of the software product is available for the buyer. The product consists of three broad sections of information: employee information, employee feedback, and overall rating. A section of â€Å"legal scan† is also provided to serve legal purpos es. On the other hand, Halogen has provided a brief overview about the features, results, and affordability of its 360-degree rater. For another product, Succession planning, halogen has emphasized its cost effectiveness and affordability. The â€Å"talent pool model† is the base for this product. Its implementation is in three phases: First, the firm understands its workforce potential. Second, it develops internal

Health, safety and enviroment managment Personal Statement

Health, safety and enviroment managment - Personal Statement Example I chose to study ‘Health, Safety, and Environment Management’ because my former education and professional career are skewed toward this area of specialization. Technically and professionally, I have a solid background, but there is dire need of a weighty academic advancement not only to deepen my own knowledge and understanding of health and safety management, but also to have my experience validated. I wish to continue studying at Leeds Beckett because it is one of the top-ranked universities in the UK and is popular for its quality of education in the Bachelor Degree program I am interested in. The course contents including drilling, decommission, construction, and policy formation regarding corporate health and safety are all integral parts of my daily work as a senior safety technician. Getting this degree will enable me to be more productive with thorough knowledge of the processes and the ensuing informed decision

Morality and Humanity In Kants View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Morality and Humanity In Kants View - Essay Example Second, recast that maxim as a universal law of nature governing all rational agents, and so as holding that all must, by natural law, act as you yourself propose to act in these circumstances. Third, consider whether your maxim is even conceivable in a world governed by this law of nature. If it is, then, fourth, ask yourself whether you would, or could, rationally will to act on your maxim in such a world. If you could, then your action is morally permissible. Throughout his moral works, Kant returns time and again to the question of the method moral philosophy should employ when pursuing these aims. A basic theme of these discussions is that the fundamental philosophical issues must be addressed a priori, that is, without drawing on observations of human beings and their behavior. Once we â€Å"seek out and establish† the fundamental principle of morality a priori, then we may consult facts drawn from experience in order to determine how best to apply this principle to huma n beings and generate particular conclusions about how we ought to act. Kant's insistence on an a priorimethod to seek out and establish fundamental moral principles, however, does not always appear to be matched by his own practice. The Groundwork, for instance, makes repeated appeals to empirical facts (that our wills are determined by practical principles, that various motivations are variable in producing right actions, and so on). Later ethical works rely even more heavily on empirical generalizations. Kant did not take himself to be employing these assumptions in seeking out and establishing the fundamental moral principle, only in applying it to human beings. Nevertheless, it is not always easy to tell whether Kant's arguments gain their plausibility only by relying on ideas established by observations of human being and the world they inhabit. Kant's example of a perfect duty to others concerns a promise you might consider making but have no intention of keeping in order to get needed money. Naturally, being rational requires not contradicting oneself, but there is no self-contradiction in the maxim "I will make lying promises when it achieves something I want". An immoral action clearly does not involve a self-contradiction in this sense (as would the maxim of finding a married bachelor). Kant's position is that it is irrational to perform an action if that action's maxim contradicts itself once made into a universal law of nature. The maxim of lying whenever it gets what you want generates a contradiction once you try to combine it with the universalized version that all rational agents must, by a law of nature, lie when it gets what they want. Here is one way of seeing how this might work: If I conceive of a world in which everyone by nature must try to deceive people any time it will get what they want, I am conceiving of a world in which no practice of giving one's word could ever arise. So I am conceiving of a world in which no practice of giving one's word exists. My maxim, however, is to make a deceptive promise in order to get needed money. And it is a necessary means of doing this that a practice of taking the word of others exists, so that someone might take my word and I take advantage of their doing so. Thus, in trying to conceive of my maxim in a world in which no one ever takes anyone's word in such circumstances, I am trying to conceiv

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 403

Assignment Example The program effectiveness lies in the fact that it enables all companies whether large or small to get access to financing when converting exports to sales. Many businesses are currently using the program to help whenever they have emergencies in exporting their products yet they face cash deficit. Additionally, the U.S Export-Import Bank only fills the gap left in the financial market by the existing banks (Krahmer, 1990). That increases its effectiveness because businesses use it when under financial need. The flexibility of the program makes it quite effective in use by the enterprise originations (Liu, 2011). As Liu (2011) reports, the program also offers other benefits such as enabling the applying company to purchase raw materials and a collection of accounts receivable. It also guarantees the provision of working capital to the firms at any moment. Additionally, the program reduces the bureaucracy involved in getting a loan. For instance, the application fee is approximately $100 submitted with company’s financial statements for at least the past one year. The time saved by having a short chain of procedures further makes the program effective in helping the business firms sort out their financial emergencies or

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business law - Assignment Example These financial crises led to privatization of banks in Iceland as well as the latter’s deregulation in the year 2000; following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and the collapse of AIG. According to this film, corruption violated a number of rules of law. An example of a rule of law that was violated by corruption is misrepresentation. Misrepresentation refers to untrue statement of law or fact that induces a representee to sign a contract (Adamson 130). Representation occurs when the statement is made on the course of signing the contract, but if the statement turns out to be false, misrepresentation occurs. The three types of misrepresentation include negligent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, and innocent misrepresentation. The case of the financial service industry entering the contract with Iceland is classed under fraudulent misrepresentation. Some criteria must be satisfied in order to amount to an actionable misrepresentation; first, there must be existence of a false statement of law or facts rather than an estimate of a future event or an opinion. If the representer is in a position to know the facts, a statement of opinion may amount to actionable misrepresentation. Consequently, unless the representer did not intend to carry out the stated intent, a statement of a future intent cannot amount to an actionable misrepresentation. False statement of law and silence will not amount to actionable misrepresentation. After the verification of a false statement, it is vital for the representee to explain how the untrue statement induced/relied on him/her to enter a contract. Lack of awareness of the false statement by the representee can result to no reliance or inducement. Another element of misrepresentation is disclosure duty with an example of the case summary of Turner versus Green (1895). This element discourages the act of duty to disclose facts, which would affect the decisions of the other party, making him/her not to enter a

The House of the Scorpion Essay Example for Free

The House of the Scorpion Essay We all grow up at some point in our lives, but when you are forced to make mature decisions before they have all the necessary skills can make your childhood unpleasant as well as difficult. Matteo Alacran, a boy from the nation of Opium, was not brought into this world like the rest of us he was placed inside the womb of a cow, where he grew, until being cut out. This changed the way many people would look at him in his life. He was a clone to many until his world was turned upside down by â€Å"himself†. Growing up isn’t as easy as it sounds, when most people consider you to be a monster, however those people who see the true inner qualities of a person are the ones we should call friend. Matt was raised in the middle of a poppy field, where he learned basic skills such as reading writing and talking. He was raised by his caregiver Celia; she loved him like he was her own. He left home with the Alacran children, this is where he would be outcast and imprisoned before he could say hello. His only friend was Maria, because she was the only one who would talk to him even if he couldn’t talk back. â€Å"Matt was afraid of Steven and Emilia, but Maria was different. She was his size and didn’t make him feel bad† (32). They would learn each other’s ways and Maria would be the only one to give him essential care to grow. Marias companionship leads to Matt regaining his ability to talk. But not before he meets El Patron, an old man with many secrets. His life is now spent in a wheel chair with two body guards, Tam Lin and Daft Donald, to look after his wellbeing. Tam Lin is now Matt’s companion he takes him on adventures to the far-off land, one of which leading to the discovery of eejits. These are brain implanted, walking zombies so to say, who are programed to have no feelings, show no emotion, and/or work till exhaustion. â€Å"‘The man is dead. Heat or lack of water killed him. The cleanup crews at the end of the day will find him’† (78). Learning about troubles that you will face in the real world is a key part of growing, if you don’t know what’s out there you’re bound to get hurt or even killed.

Falling in love Essay Example for Free

Falling in love Essay English romantic poet John Keats was born on October 31st 1795 in London. He lost both parents at an early age and became an apprentice at fifteen with his guardian at his surgery. He became professional in the field but chose to write poetry.  He wrote his best poetry between 1818 and 1819 after falling in love. He died of tuberculosis, the romantic disease, in the autumn of 1856.  La Belle Dame Sans Merci is a very beautiful, magical and captivating poem. It is very mysterious and leaves the reader feeling a little bemused. I had to read this ballad several times before understanding fully what it was about but I think this is only because of the more complex language used. The rhythm is slightly abrupt in places and I think the whole romanticism of this poem would put some readers off. This is a exceptionally beautiful story, very much a fairy tale and is surprisingly simple once the language is mastered. Using many comparisons to nature, the poet strongly emphasizes the wildness of the setting to help back up how wild and naturally beautiful this enchanting woman is.  Beginning with a question and a good one too, this captures attention to the poem easily. Why is the Knight loitering around such a desolate and probably wintered place? And the question is then repeated as if the Knight is in a trance. With a pale face, wrinkles on his brow and a sweat of fever dew he begins to explain in the fourth measure, his story of how he came to be here He met a wild, very beautiful, mystifying woman who, with her faery-like charm wooed him under her spell. She cried and he comforted her. Why was she crying? She then allured him into a dream where he saw many people all pale crying out with large starving mouths in the twilight; La Belle Dame Sans Merci hath thee in thrall! The knight woke sitting on the cold hills side never sleeping, lost in his love for that appealing, beautiful woman who captured him.  There are three stages of tone in this poem: the first, curious and cold, while the second is full of life, beauty and love. In the third section the knight telling the story is quickly brought back to the coldness and death of the hillside where he is cursed to roam. The mystery of this tale helps to captivate the audience and the typical saga of love not being appreciated is something people can strongly relate to making this poem a success!  In La Belle Dame even the romantic French title illustrates beauty whereas Miss Gee is the obvious title for a poem about a very dull person like Miss Gee.  La Belle Dame is a very abstract poem using nature and fairy tale to describe love and heartache. Miss Gee uses unpretentious language and very concrete facts. There is little imagination towards it but this is perfect for conveying such a faint character as Edith Gee. The story of La Belle Dame is about a beautiful woman who captures warriors and princesses with her undying beauty. Unfortunately Miss Gee is the complete opposite- certainly not beautiful and not charming anyone, not even a friend. She would appreciate someone who would be interested in her but the beautiful woman only uses the people who fall for her. The fact that the students who cut up and laugh at Miss Gee are men compares well to the next poem where the woman has power over the men.  The beautiful woman feels no guilt almost making her evil, soul less but Miss Gee even feels guilt for her dreams. This really shows that beauty is only skin deep and Miss Gee never got the chance or had the confidence to prove this Yet through La Belle anyone that got to know her and were captured by her beauty then realized that she was not all she appeared to be- La Belle Dame Sans Merci hath thee in thrall! Both poems take in the issue of loneliness- the brave Knight who can only blame his gullible self and the forlorn Miss Edith who wants so badly to have companionship. Both ballads dont have happy endings- Miss Gees unfortunate death with her body being used for gawking students and the Knight who was left palely loitering.  Overall I preferred La Belle Dame Sans Merci because it is an enchanting story leaving you wondering what happened to the Knight because most fairy tales have a happy ending. The person at the start who asked the question might have helped him escape and the Knight said; that is why I sojourn here. Sojourn means to stay temporarily, which means that maybe the Knight was expecting to break the curse. Being a stereotypical fairytale Knight this escape would be probable.  Miss Gee was sad and deplorable yet it was somewhat realistic- not all lives have a happy ending.

The Ethics Surrounding Nuclear Energy Politics Essay

The Ethics Surrounding Nuclear Energy Politics Essay Electricity plays an increasingly important role in our everyday lives. Heating our homes, powering our electronics, and keeping our cities running requires a tremendous amount of electricity. The United States rising demand in electricity paired with their stringent environmental standards have put energy generation efforts in a tight spot. Coal and natural gas energy generation accounted for nearly sixty-eight percent of all electrical transmission in 2012. In contrast, only nineteen percent came from nuclear sources down a third of a percent from 2011 (eia.gov/electricity). I will prove that nuclear generation is a safe, clean, and efficient source of energy with the ethical theories of Kant, Rawls, and Act Utilitarianism and back it up with credible data. A little background is needed on the subject to fully understand the situation. In 1789, Martin Klaproth discovered the element Uranium, lighting the path towards nuclear generation. For 150 years there was no news on the front of nuclear generation. In 1939, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman demonstrated that nuclear fission would give off incredible amounts of energy. In the future, it will be shown that this energy could be used in great or terrible ways. By 1941, the MAUD Committee, comprised of a group of respected scientists, published two important summaries. They were titled: Use of Uranium as a Source of Power and Use of Uranium for a Bomb (world-nuclear.org). At the time, a stronger focus was put on the second due to the World War II efforts around the world. In America, interest in the second paper and the creation of the Manhattan Project took place after the events at Pearl Harbor. The Manhattan Project was a government funded project in which scientists took on the task of enrich Uranium into the isotope U-235. In addition to the uses it has for war, it was noted that the isotope could also be used in peaceful ways. In August of 1945, the efforts of the Manhattan Project finally came to fruition. A nuclear bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. With World War II effectively over, attention was now directed on the first paper published by the MAUD Committee, Use of Uranium as a Power Source. Utilizing the efforts of the Manhattan Project, America would have a head start developing a process of using the heat created by nuclear fission as a source of power. By 1951, the first prototype of a nuclear reactor was revealed (world-nuclear.org). Although this prototype only produced a small amount of electricity, it demonstrated the potential that was there. In 1953, Eisenhower backed this work with his Atoms for Peace program. This program rerouted funding from nuclear weapons to nuclear power (world-nuclear.org). Once into the 1960s, the technology was ready to be used commercially. Some of the nuclear reactors designed by General Electric and Westinghouse were in use until the 1990s (world-nuclear.org). The United States has had a constant sixteen to nineteen percent of electrical generation due to nuclear sources since then. During this time, there has been less of an interest in expanding and building new nuclear power plants. Even though there has been improvements made to the design of power plants, there has been no new demand to expand upon the already in place infrastructure. China has overtaken the United States in nuclear energy with plans to expand its nuclear output six times what it is by 2020 (world-nuclear.org). There are other places around the world investing in nuclear energy, including India, Japan, and South Korea. The question we have to ask ourselves is when the subject of nuclear energy comes up is: Can the research and development of nuclear energy sources be done while maintain an upholding the safety of the people around them? If not, is it then ethically correct to continue even with all the energy it breaks to the numerous communities? I will answer these questions and back it up with the data I have found. I first decided to run these questions through Kants ethical theory. When using the formula of the universal law of nature a generalized maxim can be made: One shall utilize and develop for an energy source if, and only if, it does not harm the people in the surrounding area and it is beneficial to the nation. To defend this maxim, one would have to know how a nuclear power plant affects the area it is utilized. In terms of Act Utilitarianism, nuclear power generation would have to have a greater net benefit to be considered ethical. To determine this, we must first analyze the reliability and safety of nuclear energy. Reliable and safe energy is in high demand nowadays and recently much attention has been put on the environmentally friendliness of the generation of this energy. CO2, or carbon dioxide, emissions have become known as a highly recognized contributor to global warming and have help put the spotlight on safe energy generation. There have only been few noteworthy disasters throughout nuclear powers history. Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and Fukushima are some of these noteworthy disasters. When mishandled, nuclear power can be incredibly dangerous. In an article written by Head and Hall, compares the risk of radioactive waste or a critical failure of a plant to that of getting struck by lightning. With arduous industry regulation the chance of these failures happening is insignificant. Since the industry is relatively new, it has been more heavily regulated with every failure that occurs. During the Three Mile Island critical failure of 1974, an irregular amount of radioactive gas was released. The generating unit was also effectively destroyed. Contrary to what most people thought, there were no deaths, injuries, or adverse health effects cause by the failure (world-nuclear.org). Although this failure resulted in no adverse effects, it did put pressure on nuclear power in the United States. It is important to analyze the impact on the environment from the CO2 emissions due to nuclear power generation. In 2011, there were nearly 2.3 million-thousand metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions due to electrical generation plants (eia.gov). For every kilowatt hour of electricity produced, there were 9 to 21 grams of carbon dioxide emissions (world-nuclear.org). There are no emissions that come directly from the nuclear plants or reactors, but from indirect sources such as the mining and transportation of Uranium. Emissions created by nuclear power generation are equal to between 1 and 3 percent of the emissions produced by typical coal burning plants. As you can see, it is much cleaner, in that sense, than the forms of power generation we currently rely on. As clean as nuclear power is in terms of emissions, it does encounter some problems when it comes to waste. The treatment and disposal of nuclear waste is another reason why nuclear power has not been fully accepted in the United States. Inaccurate information about nuclear waste is spread by non-governmental organizations, claims Poletti, a professor and power engineer. All cycles in a nuclear fuel life cycle produce radioactive nuclear waste according to the World Nuclear Association, but can be appropriately and safely dealt with if done correctly. There are three types of radioactive waste in a nuclear life cycle: low, intermediate, and high level waste. All forms of waste can be handled with ease, with the exception of high level waste. This type of waste is harder to take care of and requires a great deal of care since it contains used fuel and the other waste products separated from the fuel. To take care of this waste, it is first stored in a reinforced concrete and steel str ucture. These are then placed in a cooling pond. After staying there for five years it is then transported to a multiple barrier geological disposal (world-nuclear.org). One of these sites is typically located in a hollowed out mountain-like structure. These regulations show that waste from all nuclear power plants can be taken care of in a safe manner with little to no risk to the general public and environment. Nuclear waste also accounts for less than one percent of total industrial toxic waste (world-nuclear.org). By analyzing this data, we have found that some aspects of each ethical theory can be satisfied. The other factor we have to consider is if the development of nuclear power facilities should be prioritized over traditional sources of energy generation. Nuclear power was responsible for almost ten percent of the United States total electrical capacity (Existing Capacity by Energy Source, 2011). The supply of electricity generated by nuclear power plants accounted for nearly twenty percent of the total electrical supply (Where Does US Electricity Come From?). The difference here is that for all the energy used, twenty percent of it came from nuclear sources while only ten percent of our potential capacity of electricity is in nuclear form. The reason for this is that nuclear fission is a continuous process. Once begun, it must continue and can be a source of energy that can constantly be drawn from. Seventy percent of our energy capacity is in the form of coal and natural gas. Of that seventy percent, sixty-five percent of it is used. To generate that much power it takes a total of 6,925 coal and natural gas generation units. For nuclear energy source to generate twenty percent of our consumed energy, it takes 104 units. If nuclear energy were to generate as much as coal and natural gas combined, it would take a total of 338 nuclear generation units. It takes far less nuclear plants and reactors to generate the same amount of energy, with a fraction of the emissions (world-nuclear). Many of the nuclear reactors were built in the 1960s and 70s. At this time, many of the generators were generating 250 megawatts. During this time many of the nuclear reactors began to brown out, or improve their technology and efficiency while retiring more units than you are producing. The increase in efficiency can be seen across Asia and Europe. Both Japan and France began replacing many of their nuclear reactors in the early 2000s, with new ones as large as 1,650 megawatts (world-nuclear.org). In the last 50 years, the output of nuclear reactors has increased by nearly 7 times. Many of the reactors in the United States have not been improved upon and continue to operate with a lower output than they should be. The Energy Policy Act, enacted in 2005, presented incentives to the industry for building next-generation nuclear reactors. The technology for nuclear reactors and plants has been advancing ever since it was created. Due to upgrades in technology and a growing demand for energy in the 1980s, the load capacity and output grew tremendously. This can be seen even into today. Research is constantly being done to improve upon this technology. Alternatives to uranium are being researched, a second burning technique to get rid of the nuclear waste is being researched, and much more. An example of this can be seen with Thorium research (world-nuclear.org). I personally believe that the United States should invest more into the development of more nuclear reactors and plants. There is an ample amount of data supporting this claim. It is very safe for the environment and the people surrounding the plant and it is also more efficient and eco-friendly than our current alternatives. The question I ask is: Can the research and development of nuclear energy sources be done while maintain an upholding the safety of the people around them? If not, is it then ethically correct to continue even with all the energy it breaks to the numerous communities? I choose to use the ethical theories of Kant and Act Utilitarianism to help answer these questions. When using Kants theory, like I stated above, I created the maxim: One shall utilize and develop for an energy source if, and only if, it does not harm the people in the surrounding area and it is beneficial to the nation. Defending this maxim is fairly easy. As we found out above, nuclear energy is far less harmful to the Earth and people in the surrounding area since it has much lower CO2 emissions and its waste can be stored in such a way that does no harm. After knowing this information, it is easy to see that one would want to research, develop, and utilize for nuclear energy since it defends the maxim. When using Kants Formula of Humanity, I believe it is fairly easy to defend as well. The Formula of Humanity states that when deciding on whether or not to commit an action that you shall only commit that action if you use people as an ends and not as means to your end. When it comes to this, I assume that the end is getting the energy from the nuclear plants to the nation. In the end, the people are the ones benefitting, and are not being used to achieve your goal. Using Act Utilitarianism, a similar result is produced. We can split each consequence of developing and utilizing nuclear power into the two categories of hedons and miserons. Hedons being for the development and utilization and miserons being against it. For the hedons category, a simple list can be shown: cleaner energy for the nation, more efficient production of energy, minimal harm to the environment, creates jobs for surrounding area, causes less harm to atmosphere than other sources of energy. The miserons category would contain the following: possible failure of nuclear reactor causing harmful material to be spread around surrounding area, creates CO2 emissions. Since the chance of a nuclear reactor failing is fairly minimal and the fact the CO2 emissions caused by nuclear power generation are miniscule compared to the other source of energy generation, I conclude that the development and utilization of nuclear power generation would be the correct action to take. We can see that both theories come to the same conclusion, quite handedly. All the data points to this conclusion as well. I believe that with the outcome of both of these theories that my statement regarding the morality is correct. The development, research, and utilization of nuclear energy sources should be done.